The three major processes of dyeing and printing.

The preparation of raw fabric includes raw fabric inspection, re-rolling (by batch, by box, printing), and seam sewing. The purpose of raw fabric inspection is to check the quality of the grey fabric and to address any issues promptly. The inspection content includes physical indicators and appearance defects. Burning off the fluff aims to remove the fluff on the fabric surface, making it smooth and aesthetically pleasing, and to prevent uneven dyeing and printing defects caused by the presence of fluff during dyeing and printing. To facilitate smooth weaving, textile factories often apply sizing to the warp yarn to enhance strength and abrasion resistance. The sizing on the grey fabric affects the fabric's water absorption properties, impacts the quality of dyed and finished products, and increases the consumption of dyeing chemicals. Therefore, the sizing should be removed before boiling and processing, a process known as desizing.

1. Preparation of Raw Fabric

The preparation of raw fabric includes inspection of raw fabric, unfolding fabric (by batch, by box, printing), and sewing heads. The purpose of raw fabric inspection is to check the quality of the grey fabric and to solve problems in a timely manner. The inspection content includes physical indicators and appearance defects. The purpose of singeing is to burn off the fluff on the fabric surface, making the fabric surface smooth and beautiful, and to prevent uneven dyeing and printing defects caused by the presence of fluff during dyeing and printing. In order to weave fabric smoothly, textile factories often size the warp yarn to improve strength and abrasion resistance. The sizing on the grey fabric affects the water absorption performance of the fabric, the quality of dyed and finished products, and increases the consumption of dyeing chemicals. Therefore, the sizing should be removed before boiling, and this process is called desizing.

2. Dyeing

Dyeing is a relatively complex process, and the dyeing process varies for different qualities of fabric, such as 100% cotton, polyester-cotton, nylon, polyester, chemical fiber products, blended products, etc. Some can be dyed using padding or rolling, while others require high-temperature and high-pressure dyeing. Some fabrics are dyed once, while others need multiple dyeing. Although dyeing can be done with a single padding machine, it is still a difficult process because controlling the dye color involves many known and unknown factors, such as the stability of dyes at different temperatures, steam control, and padding pressure control, all of which require precision.

The long dyeing machine is divided into two parts: the front machine for dyeing and the back machine for fixing color. The dyeing method varies depending on the type of dye used, which generally includes reactive, disperse, sulfur, and coating dyes. Each has its own advantages and disadvantages, and the choice usually depends on the required color, and they cannot be interchanged.

3. Finishing

Finishing is a textile technology project that gives clothing fabrics functional performance and aesthetic appeal. The following are the common types of textile finishing: the main equipment includes singeing machines, desizing machines, mercerizing machines, liquid ammonia machines, setting machines, pre-shrinking machines, calendering machines, washing machines, brushing machines, raising machines, coating machines, etc.

Dyeing fastness is an important indicator of dyed fabrics. It refers to the ability of printed and dyed textiles to maintain their original color under external influences, also known as color fastness. After textiles are dyed and printed, they may undergo other processes, such as felting of wool fabrics and heat setting of synthetic fiber textiles; during use, they are exposed to the atmosphere, sweat stains, and subjected to washing, friction, and ironing. Delong believes (微x：delonghuawang) that these can cause printed and dyed textiles to fade or change color to varying degrees.

The processes that affect the dyeing fastness of printed and dyed textiles mainly include felting, carbonization, chlorine bleaching, sublimation, etc. The dyeing fastness of dyes or pigments on textiles is related to their chemical structure, concentration on the fibers, and the state they are in, as well as the properties of the fibers. The testing methods for various dyeing fastness are formulated to simulate different usage or processing conditions.

Currently, the dyeing and printing industry is undergoing technological innovation, increasing demand, and intensifying market competition. With the recovery of the global economy, the demand for textiles continues to grow, and the dyeing and printing industry, as an important link in the textile industry chain, is also showing a steady development trend.

Current Situation of the Textile Printing and Dyeing Industry

The textile dyeing and printing industry is an important sector that is widely involved and closely connected to people's lives. Currently, with the development of the global economy and the improvement of living standards, the status of the textile dyeing and printing industry is also constantly changing. Below is a brief overview of the current situation in this industry.

Textile Printing and Dyeing Waste Gas Treatment Technology Solutions

The textile printing and dyeing industry generates a large amount of waste gas during the processing, which not only pollutes the environment but also poses a threat to human health. Therefore, adopting effective waste gas treatment technologies is crucial for the textile printing and dyeing industry. Below are some technical solutions for treating waste gas in textile printing and dyeing.

The three major processes of dyeing and printing.

Types and Characteristics of Textile Coating and Finishing

Coating finishing is a common textile post-finishing technique, which generally includes the following methods.

The principle of dyeing

The dyeing process of fiber fabrics generally goes through three stages: surface adsorption, internal diffusion, and dye fixation.